Understanding air pollution and its impact on our health

How air polution affects us?

Air pollution is the presence of harmful substances such as harmful particles or gases in the air that we breathe. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including cars, factories, power plants, and natural events such as wildfires. Air pollution can lead to serious health consequences. When we inhale polluted air, these particles can enter our lungs and cause inflammation and irritation. Long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked to a range of health problems, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and even premature death.

The Effects of Air Pollution on Our Lungs and Overall Health

When we breathe in polluted air, tiny particles can enter our lungs and cause inflammation, leading to a variety of health problems. Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution can lead to irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly PM2.5, has been linked to chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.

Children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing health conditions are particularly vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. For example, children who are exposed to air pollution are more likely to develop asthma and other respiratory problems. Pregnant women who are exposed to air pollution are more likely to experience complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, and even stillbirth.

How Air Pollution Affects Animals and the Environment

Air pollution not only affects human health but it can also harm animals and the environment. Polluted air can cause respiratory problems in animals and can also lead to changes in their behaviour and reproductive systems. Air pollution can also harm plant life, leading to reduced crop yields and damage to forests and other ecosystems. Acid rain, which is caused by air pollution, can also have damaging effects on aquatic life and cause soil erosion. The ozone layer, which protects us from the sun’s harmful UV rays, is also being depleted by air pollution.

International Standards for Air Pollution – PM2.5

The World Health Organization (WHO) has established guidelines for air pollution to protect human health. The average daily concentration of PM2.5, which are tiny particles that can penetrate deep into our lungs, should not exceed 25 micrograms per cubic metre. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 should not exceed 10 micrograms per cubic metre. PM2.5 can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and even stroke and lung cancer.

However, many cities around the world exceed these international standards. For example, in 2020, Delhi, the capital city of India, recorded an annual average concentration of PM2.5 of 114 micrograms per cubic metre, which is more than 11 times the WHO’s recommended limit. In some parts of China, the concentration of PM2.5 has been recorded at over 1000 micrograms per cubic metre. In such areas, the air quality is hazardous and poses a serious threat to public health.

10 most polluted cities in the world

How to Protect Yourself from Air Pollution

Although it is impossible to completely avoid exposure to air pollution, there are steps you can take to protect yourself and your family. One of the most effective ways to reduce your exposure to air pollution is to wear a professional-grade mask that filters out harmful particles. You can also minimise your exposure by staying indoors during times of high pollution, using air purifiers in your home, and reducing your reliance on cars and other sources of pollution. When going outdoors, it is also advisable to check the air quality index and avoid exercising during times of high pollution. 

Air pollution is a serious problem that affects the health of humans, animals, and the environment. By understanding the causes and effects of air pollution and taking steps to protect ourselves and our communities, we can work towards a cleaner, healthier future for everyone. While there are international standards set by the WHO to limit air pollution, many cities and countries around the world still exceed these limits, putting public health at risk. By taking steps to protect ourselves, such as wearing masks and reducing personal vehicle use, we can minimise our exposure to air pollution.